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Thiruvalluvar ( Tamil : திருவள்ளுவர் ) is an eminent Tamil poet who created Thirukural, a work on ethics in Tamil literature . He is also known by other names like Theva Pulvar, Valluvar and Poyamodi Pulvar.

Thiruvalluvar was born in Mylapore . His wife Vasuki was a chaste and devoted woman, an ideal wife who never disobeyed her husband's orders and obeyed them scrupulously. Thiruvalluvar told people that one can live a divine life or a pure and holy life along with living the life of a Grihastha or Grihasthaswamy. He told the people that there is no need to leave the family and become a sannyasin to lead a divine life full of pure and sacredness. His wise sayings and teachings are now present in the form of a book known as ' Thirukkural '. [1] The Tamil calendar dates from that time and is referred to as Tiruvalluvar Aandu (year).

The time of existence of Thiruvalluvar is based mostly on linguistic evidence rather than archaeological evidence as no archaeological evidence has yet been determined. His period is estimated at 200 BC. and 30 B.C. placed between.

Traditional account

The name Tiruvalluvar (Tiru Valluvar) is derived from Tiru (a Tamil word meaning honorable , similar to Sri ) [4] and Valluvar ( a polite name for Valluvan according to Tamil tradition ) . The name Valluvan is a common name that represents his caste/occupation rather than his real name. However, the question whether the author of Thirukural (Valluvan) is named after his community or vice versa remains unanswered till date. Shaiva, Vaishnava, Jain , BuddhistThe sects argue that Thiruvalluvar is related to them. There are some legends about the birth of Tiruvalluvar in which he is said to be a Jain sramana saint. But there is no evidence available about his religion. Kamatchi Srinivasan "Kural Kuram Samayam", Tirukkural Publications, Madurai Kamaraj University, 1979. The work begins with a chapter offering respectful obeisances to the Almighty Lord. That is why it can be said that Thiruvalluvar was a theist. But their Lord is omnipotent, the creator of the whole world and the one who protects his devotees. Actually Kural does not advocate any specific or sectarian religious faith. One legend links them to Madurai, the ancient capital of the Pandya rulers, who vigorously promoted Tamil literature . According to another, he was born and brought up in Mylapore .which is currently a part of the city of Madras and traveled to Madurai to submit his work Tirukkural to gain approval from the king (Pandyan) and his group of poets. His wife's name is Vasuki .

There are more traditional stories which state that the Tamil Sangam (regularly held conference/gathering of eminent scholars and researchers) of Madurai was the authority through which Thirukkural was introduced to the world. Thiruvalluvar may have spent most of his life in Madurai as it was under the Pandiya rulers where many Tamil poets flourished. More recently, the Kanyakumari Historical and Cultural Research Center (KHCRC) claimed that Valluvar was a king who ruled over Valluvanadu, a hill region in the Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu .

 

Most of the researchers and great researchers of Tamil like George Uglo Pope or G.U Pope who spent many years in Tamil Nadu and translated many texts into English including Tirukkural, have identified Tiruvalluvar as Paraiyar. Karl Groll (1814–1864) had already characterized Tirukkural as a work of the Buddhist pantheon by 1855 (Groll also included Jains under Buddhists). In this connection it was of particular interest that Tiruvalluvar, the author of the Thirukkural, was identified in the Tamil tradition as Paraiyar (as, incidentally, was the case with other well-known ancient Tamil authors, e.g., Auvaiyar; cf. Pope 1886: i–ii, x–xi). It is possible that Groul also included Jains under Buddhists (Groul 1865: xi note).

Jain

Jain scholars and many historians believe that Tiruvalluvar was a Jain monk, as the first chapter of Tirukkural is dedicated to Rishabhdeva , the first Tirthankara of Jainism. Apart from this, the teachings of Thirukkural coincide with the teachings of Jainism. In Kural Kavya, a book published by Bhartiya Jnanpeeth, it is clearly written that Thiruvalluvar was a Jain.

Thirukkural is one of the most revered ancient works in Tamil [7] . The Kural is considered to be the 'common faith of the world' [ citation needed ] as it shows the way to human morality and betterment in life. The Kural has probably been translated into the most languages ​​after the Bible, the Quran and the Gita. [ please add citation ] . The Latin translation of Thirukkural by Costanzo Beschi in 1730 helped European intellectuals to discover the beauty and richness of Tamil literature in a remarkable way.

Tirukkural is formed by combining two words Tiru and Kural, ie Tiru + Kural = Tirukkural.

The Thirukkural is divided into three sections. The first section deals with good moral behavior ("right conduct") with aram , prudence and honor. In section two the porul properly discusses worldly affairs and in the third section inbam , the love relationship between man and woman. The first volume has 38 chapters, the second has 70 chapters and the third has 25 chapters. There are a total of 10 couplets or Kurals in each chapter and in all there are 1330 couplets in the work.

Courtesy – Wikipedia

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