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John le Carré, pseudonym of David John Moore Cornwell, (born October 19, 1931, Poole, Dorset, England—died December 12, 2020, Truro, Cornwall, England), English writer of suspenseful, realistic spy novels based on a wide knowledge of international espionage.

Educated abroad and at the University of Oxford, le Carré taught French and Latin at Eton College from 1956 to 1958. In 1959 he became a member of the British foreign service in West Germany and continued with the agency until 1964. During this time he began writing novels, and in 1961 his first book, Call for the Dead (filmed as The Deadly Affair, 1966), was published. More a detective story than a spy story, it introduced the shrewd but self-effacing intelligence agent George Smiley, who became le Carré’s best-known character and was featured in several later works. Le Carré’s breakthrough came with his third novel, The Spy Who Came In from the Cold (1963), which centred on Alec Leamas, an aging British intelligence agent ordered to discredit an East German official. Unlike the usual glamorous spies of fiction, Leamas is a lonely and alienated man, without a respectable career or a place in society. Immensely popular, the book was adapted into a highly successful film (1965), as were many of le Carré’s later works.

After a string of moderately received novels, le Carré returned to his original protagonist with Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy (1974; television miniseries 1979; film 2011), the first in a trilogy centred on Smiley and his nemesis, the Soviet master spy Karla. Their struggle was continued in The Honourable Schoolboy (1977) and culminated in Smiley’s People (1979; television miniseries 1982) with a successful attempt by Smiley to force Karla’s defection to the West. In The Little Drummer Girl (1983; film 1984; television miniseries 2018) a young actress is persuaded by the Israeli secret service to infiltrate a Palestinian terrorist group. Le Carré’s later novels include A Perfect Spy (1986; miniseries 1987), the story of a double agent; The Russia House (1989; film 1990); The Secret Pilgrim (1991); The Night Manager (1993; television miniseries 2016); and Our Game (1995), set after the collapse of the Soviet Union.

In 2001 le Carré published The Constant Gardener (film 2005), in which a British diplomat investigates his wife’s death and uncovers a corrupt pharmaceutical company. In Absolute Friends (2003) two Cold War-era intelligence agents reconnect in Europe after the September 11 attacks. A Most Wanted Man (2008; film 2014) follows the efforts of a terrorist—the son of a KGB colonel—to conceal himself in Hamburg. Our Kind of Traitor (2010; film 2016) is the story of an English couple who, while on a tennis holiday, unwittingly find themselves embroiled in a complicated plot involving the Russian mob, politicians, and international bankers. In A Delicate Truth (2013) a young civil servant attempts to discern what actually occurred during the officially successful special rendition of a terrorist. A Legacy of Spies (2017) revisits The Spy Who Came In from the Cold and features both old and new characters. In 2019 le Carré released Agent Running in the Field, an espionage tale set in 2018 that incorporates such topical events as “Brexit” (the British withdrawal from the European Union). Silverview, reportedly his last novel, was published posthumously in 2021. It centres on a bookstore owner who gets caught up in the world of espionage when he is befriended by a retired MI6 agent who is under investigation.

Le Carré’s memoir, The Pigeon Tunnel: Stories from My Life, appeared in 2016.

Courtesy - The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

This article was most recently revised and updated by Amy Tikkanen.

- John Le Carre

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