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J.D. Salinger, in full Jerome David Salinger, (born January 1, 1919, New York, New York, U.S.—died January 27, 2010, Cornish, New Hampshire), American writer whose novel The Catcher in the Rye (1951) won critical acclaim and devoted admirers, especially among the post-World War II generation of college students. His corpus of published works also consists of short stories that were printed in magazines, including the The Saturday Evening Post, Esquire, and The New Yorker.

Salinger was the son of a Jewish father and a Christian mother, and, like Holden Caulfield, the hero of The Catcher in the Rye, he grew up in New York City, attending public schools and a military academy. After brief periods at New York and Columbia universities, he devoted himself entirely to writing, and his stories began to appear in periodicals in 1940. After Salinger’s return from service in the U.S. Army (1942–46), his name and writing style became increasingly associated with The New Yorker magazine, which published almost all of his later stories. Some of the best of these made use of his wartime experiences: “For Esmé—with Love and Squalor” (1950) describes a U.S. soldier’s poignant encounter with two British children; “A Perfect Day for Bananafish” (1948) concerns the suicide of the sensitive, despairing veteran Seymour Glass.

Major critical and popular recognition came with the publication of The Catcher in the Rye, whose central character, a sensitive, rebellious adolescent, relates in authentic teenage idiom his flight from the “phony” adult world, his search for innocence and truth, and his final collapse on a psychiatrist’s couch. The humour and colourful language of The Catcher in the Rye place it in the tradition of Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and the stories of Ring Lardner, but its hero, like most of Salinger’s child characters, views his life with an added dimension of precocious self-consciousness. Nine Stories (1953), a selection of Salinger’s short stories, added to his reputation. Several of his published pieces feature the siblings of the fictional Glass family, beginning with Seymour’s appearance in “A Perfect Day for Bananafish.” In works such as Franny and Zooey (1961) and Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction (1963), the introspective Glass children, influenced by their eldest brother and his death, navigate questions about spirituality and enlightenment.

The reclusive habits of Salinger in his later years made his personal life a matter of speculation among devotees, and his small literary output was a subject of controversy among critics. The last work Salinger published during his lifetime was a novella titled Hapworth 16, 1924, which appeared in The New Yorker in 1965. In 1974 The Complete Uncollected Short Stories of J.D. Salinger, an unauthorized two-volume work of his early pieces, was briefly released to the public, but sales were halted when Salinger filed a lawsuit for copyright infringement.

Courtesy -- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

This article was most recently revised and updated by Adam Augustyn.

- J. D. Salinger

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