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Peter I (9 June [O.S. 30 May] 1672 – 8 February [O.S. 28 January] 1725),[note 2] most commonly known as Peter the Great,[pron 1] was a monarch of Russia who modernised it and made it a European power. He ruled the Tsardom of Russia from 7 May [O.S. 27 April] 1682 to 1721 and subsequently the Russian Empire until his death in 1725, jointly ruling before 1696 with his elder half-brother, Ivan V.

Through decades of constant warfare, industrialisation of the military economy and administration of a tremendously rapid growing population and expanding territory, the Tsardom inherited from Grand Duke Ivan IV Vasilyevich, Tsar Peter I layed the groundwork for the era of the Russian Empire. The declaration followed just months after the Peace of Nystad, AD 1721. Sweden ceased to be recognised as an empire following its loss of domination over the Baltic Sea and it was reduced to a simple monarchy. In fierce competition with the Swedish Empire in alliance with the dominant powers of the Black Sea, fighting throughout the Great Northern War, to hold the former Moscovite Russian Grand Dutchy from capturing ports at Azov. Following the Swedish defeat, the Russian Empire began to contest the Ottoman Sublime Porte's domination over the Black Sea. From this point onward, the Russian Empire's aristocracy became intertwined in the circles of the most powerful dynasties in Europe, until the end of feudalism, the Great War. He led a cultural process marked by early industrialisation - the entrance of the Russian Empire into the age of enlightenment, complemented with traditionalist and medieval social and political systems with progressive ideas spurring the Enlightenment.[1] Peter the Great's reforms had a lasting impact on Russia, and many institutions of various Russian governments trace their origins to his reign. He adopted the title of Emperor in place of the old title of Tsar in 1721, and founded and developed the city of Saint Petersburg, which remained the capital of Russia until 1918.

The first Russian university—Saint Petersburg State University—was founded a year before his death, in 1724. The second one, Moscow State University, was founded 30 years after his death, during the reign of his daughter Elizabeth.

Courtesy-wikipedia

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