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George Sand

Amantine Lucile Aurore Dupin[1] (French: [amɑ̃tin lysil oʁɔʁ dypɛ̃]; 1 July 1804 – 8 June 1876), best known by her pen name George Sand (French: [ʒɔʁʒ sɑ̃d]), was a French novelist, memoirist, and journalist.[2][3] One of the most popular writers in Europe in her lifetime,[4] being more renowned than both Victor Hugo and Honoré de Balzac in England in the 1830s and 1840s,[5] Sand is recognised as one of the most notable writers of the European Romantic era.

George Sand[6] – known to her friends and family as "Aurore" – was born in Paris and was raised for much of her childhood by her grandmother Marie-Aurore de Saxe, Madame Dupin de Francueil, at her grandmother's house in the village of Nohant, in the French province of Berry.[7] Sand inherited the house in 1821 when her grandmother died; she used the setting in many of her novels.

Her father, Maurice Dupin, was the grandson of the Marshal General of France, Maurice, Comte de Saxe (an out-of-wedlock son of Augustus II the Strong, King of Poland and Elector of Saxony), and a sixth cousin of Kings Louis XVI, Louis XVIII and Charles X of France.[8] She was also more distantly related to King Louis Philippe of France through common ancestors from German and Danish ruling families. Sand's mother, Sophie-Victoire Delaborde, was a commoner.

In 1822, at the age of eighteen, Sand married (François) Casimir Dudevant,[14] an out-of-wedlock son of Baron Jean-François Dudevant. She and Dudevant had two children: Maurice and Solange (1828–1899). In 1825, she had an intense but perhaps platonic affair with the young lawyer Aurélien de Sèze.[15] In early 1831, she left her husband and entered upon a four- or five-year period of "romantic rebellion". In 1835, she was legally separated from Dudevant and took custody of their children.

Sand had romantic affairs with the novelist Jules Sandeau (1831), the writer Prosper Mérimée, the dramatist Alfred de Musset (summer 1833 – March 1835), Louis-Chrysostome Michel, the actor Pierre-François Bocage, the writer Charles Didier, the novelist Félicien Mallefille, the politician Louis Blanc, and the composer Frédéric Chopin (1837–1847).[17] Later in her life, she corresponded with Gustave Flaubert, and despite their differences in temperament and aesthetic preference, they eventually became close friends.

Sand also engaged in an intimate romantic relationship with actress Marie Dorval. The two met in January 1833, after Sand wrote Dorvall a letter of appreciation following one of her performances. Sand wrote about Dorval, including many passages where she is described as smitten with Dorval.

Sand died at Nohant, near Châteauroux, in France's Indre département on 8 June 1876, at the age of 71. She was buried in the private graveyard behind the chapel at Nohant-Vic.[31] In 2003, plans that her remains be moved to the Panthéon in Paris resulted in controversy.

Courtesy--wikipedia

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